Enhancing Ecosystem Understanding and Motivation through Augmented Reality Learning Media: A Mixed-Methods Study at SMP Negeri 4 Bajo

Abstract

This study aims to implement Augmented Reality (AR)–based learning media for introducing ecosystem concepts at SMP Negeri 4 Bajo and to analyze its effect on students’ conceptual understanding and learning motivation in science learning. This research employed a sequential mixed methods design, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches in successive phases. The initial qualitative stage involved interviews and classroom observations to identify students’ prior understanding of ecosystem concepts and the need for digital learning media. The findings informed the design and development of an AR application incorporating image marker and audio marker features. The quantitative phase evaluated the effectiveness of the AR media through classroom implementation and learning outcome analysis. The results indicate that the use of AR significantly improved students’ understanding of ecosystem concepts, particularly food chains, food webs, and interactions among living organisms. Students showed increased enthusiasm, critical thinking, and active participation during learning activities. Teachers reported that AR media enhanced the interactivity and contextual relevance of science instruction. The findings provide empirical evidence that AR-based learning media can effectively support science instruction at the junior high school level. Teachers are encouraged to integrate AR into lesson planning to enhance student engagement and conceptual understanding, supported by appropriate training and technological infrastructure. This study contributes to educational technology research by demonstrating the effectiveness of a sequential mixed methods approach in developing and evaluating AR-based learning media for ecosystem learning.